Fundamentals
Interval Inversion and Compound Intervals Explained
Inverting an interval moves its lower note up an octave, and the two numbers add to nine. Compound intervals are wider than an octave and take a simpler name.
The archive
100 pieces on how music is built and how it is written down — with playable examples, tables you can check, and no filler.
♮ intro · ♯♯ intermediate · ♯♯♯♯ advanced — like key signatures, more marks means more to hold in mind
Fundamentals
Inverting an interval moves its lower note up an octave, and the two numbers add to nine. Compound intervals are wider than an octave and take a simpler name.
Fundamentals
The whole-tone scale uses only whole steps, and the octatonic scales alternate whole and half steps. Here are their spellings on C and the chords they fit.
Fundamentals
Dynamics set how loud a passage is, relative to its surroundings. Articulations set how each note starts and ends. This guide defines the common marks.
Fundamentals
Enharmonic notes share one pitch under two names, such as C♯ and D♭. Learn why the spelling matters, what double sharps and flats do, and where they appear.
Fundamentals
The staff, the treble and bass clefs, line and space names, ledger lines, and where the key and time signatures sit, with a table to learn from.
Fundamentals
The major scale is seven notes spaced whole, whole, half, whole, whole, whole, half. Here is the formula, four scales built from it, and the sharps and flats it forces.
Fundamentals
A major key has two close minor partners. The relative minor shares its key signature, the parallel minor shares its tonic, and each pair connects keys in a different way.
Fundamentals
Scale degrees number each note of a scale from its tonic, and solfège names the same positions do, re, mi. Degree names, movable and fixed do, and why degrees travel between keys.
Fundamentals
Italian tempo words run from slow to fast. Approximate beats-per-minute bands for each, the modifiers and transitions that change them, and why a metronome number needs a time signature.
Fundamentals
Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian and Locrian explained by pattern and color, with hearing tips and modern uses.
Fundamentals
The circle of fifths organizes every key by signature and closeness. How to read it, memorize it, and use it for modulation and chord choice.
Fundamentals
Three minor scales, three different jobs. What each form changes, why composers switch between them, and how to hear the difference.

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The site's working library as a structured ebook: intervals, keys, harmony, counterpoint, rhythm, form, tuning, orchestration and the history behind them.
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