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            "dek": "Around 1600 the bass became the foundation of harmony and the modal system narrowed to two keys. What changed in the documents, and what the change cost.",
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            "excerpt": "A major key has two minor partners that are easy to confuse. The relative minor uses the same key signature and starts a minor third below the major tonic: A minor for C major. The parallel minor starts on the same tonic and changes the mode: C minor for C…",
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            "excerpt": "A scale degree is a note’s position counted up from the tonic. The tonic is degree 1, the note the key is named for, and the fifth note of the major scale is degree 5, the dominant, whatever key you are in. Solfège attaches syllables to those positions…",
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            "snippet": "A scale degree is a note’s position counted up from the tonic. The tonic is degree 1, the note the key is named for, and the fifth note of the major scale is degree 5, the dominant, whatever key you…"
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            "excerpt": "Common tempo markings run from grave, the slowest, to presto, the fastest, and each term names a band of beats per minute rather than an exact speed. Grave covers roughly 25 to 45 beats per minute and presto roughly 168 to 200. Composers modify those bands…",
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            "snippet": "Common tempo markings run from grave, the slowest, to presto, the fastest, and each term names a band of beats per minute rather than an exact speed. Grave covers roughly 25 to 45 beats per minute…"
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            "excerpt": "Major and minor feel like the only options until a melody settles somewhere stranger. The church modes name those other settlements: six diatonic rotations, each with its own final, its own color notes, and its own repertoire from chant to jazz. #The seven…",
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            "snippet": "Major and minor feel like the only options until a melody settles somewhere stranger. The church modes name those other settlements: six diatonic rotations, each with its own final, its own color…"
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            "slug": "circle-of-fifths-explained",
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            "dek": "The circle of fifths organizes every key by signature and closeness. How to read it, memorize it, and use it for modulation and chord choice.",
            "topic": "fundamentals",
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            "excerpt": "Every key signature looks arbitrary until you see the pattern behind it. The circle of fifths is that pattern: one diagram that orders all twelve major keys so that each step changes exactly one note, and shows at a glance which keys are close neighbors and…",
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            "snippet": "Every key signature looks arbitrary until you see the pattern behind it. The circle of fifths is that pattern: one diagram that orders all twelve major keys so that each step changes exactly one…"
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            "slug": "natural-harmonic-melodic-minor",
            "title": "Natural, Harmonic and Melodic Minor Scales Compared",
            "dek": "Three minor scales, three different jobs. What each form changes, why composers switch between them, and how to hear the difference.",
            "topic": "fundamentals",
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            "excerpt": "Major has one scale and minor has three, which strikes beginners as unfair. The minor mode is better understood as a single flexible system where the sixth and seventh degrees move up or down depending on what the music needs. The three named forms are…",
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            "excerpt": "Five notes should not be enough for a melody, yet some of the most sung tunes in the world use only five. The pentatonic scales explain why: remove the two most restless degrees from a seven-note scale and what remains is a collection where every note gets…",
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            "snippet": "Five notes should not be enough for a melody, yet some of the most sung tunes in the world use only five. The pentatonic scales explain why: remove the two most restless degrees from a seven-note…"
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            "slug": "clefs-and-transposition",
            "title": "Clefs and Transposition: What Players Actually Read",
            "dek": "A clef fixes one pitch and the staff follows. Transposing instruments move it again, so the same written note reaches the audience at different pitches.",
            "topic": "fundamentals",
            "topic_name": "Fundamentals",
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                "score reading"
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            "excerpt": "A staff is a grid without absolute meaning. A clef gives one line or space a fixed pitch, and every other position follows from it by step. That single decision determines what a player reads, and two further conventions determine what the audience hears…",
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            "snippet": "A staff is a grid without absolute meaning. A clef gives one line or space a fixed pitch, and every other position follows from it by step. That single decision determines what a player reads, and…"
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            "title": "Key Signatures and the Order of Sharps and Flats",
            "dek": "Sharps arrive in the order F C G D A E B and flats in reverse. The order is the circle of fifths written out, one signature at a time.",
            "topic": "fundamentals",
            "topic_name": "Fundamentals",
            "tags": [
                "key signatures",
                "notation",
                "circle of fifths"
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            "excerpt": "The accidentals in a key signature never appear in an arbitrary order. Sharps are added one at a time as F, C, G, D, A, E, B. Flats are added as B, E, A, D, G, C, F. Both lists are the circle of fifths spelled out, and the reason they are constant is that…",
            "score": 28,
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            "snippet": "The accidentals in a key signature never appear in an arbitrary order. Sharps are added one at a time as F, C, G, D, A, E, B. Flats are added as B, E, A, D, G, C, F. Both lists are the circle of…"
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            "slug": "reading-intervals-at-sight",
            "title": "Reading Intervals at Sight: Generic and Specific",
            "dek": "Naming an interval at sight takes two passes: count the staff positions first, then judge what the accidental does to the size.",
            "topic": "fundamentals",
            "topic_name": "Fundamentals",
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                "sight reading",
                "notation"
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            "excerpt": "An interval is described by two properties at once, and readers who collapse them into one get stuck. The first is the generic interval: how many staff positions the notes span, counted inclusively from the lower note. C to E is a third because three letter…",
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            "snippet": "An interval is described by two properties at once, and readers who collapse them into one get stuck. The first is the generic interval: how many staff positions the notes span, counted inclusively…"
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            "slug": "scientific-pitch-notation",
            "title": "Scientific Pitch Notation: What C4 Actually Means",
            "dek": "Middle C is C4 in scientific pitch notation, C3 on some manufacturers' labelling, and MIDI note 60 in every sequencer. The numbering is a convention.",
            "topic": "fundamentals",
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                "notation",
                "midi"
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            "excerpt": "Scientific pitch notation writes a letter, an optional accidental and an octave number: C4, B♭3, F♯5. The letter and the accidental are uncontroversial. The number is where documentation, instrument charts and software quietly disagree, and a single octave of…",
            "score": 28,
            "partial": false,
            "snippet": "Scientific pitch notation writes a letter, an optional accidental and an octave number: C4, B♭3, F♯5. The letter and the accidental are uncontroversial. The number is where documentation, instrument…"
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