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            "snippet": "A string or air column that sounds a note produces a fundamental, and it also vibrates in parts. Those parts sound partials at whole-number multiples of the fundamental frequency: f, 2f, 3f, 4f and…"
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            "topic": "tuning",
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            "tags": [
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            "snippet": "“In tune” sounds like a matter of taste and is mostly a physical event. When two tones sound together and their frequencies stand in a simple whole-number ratio, their overtones land on top of one…"
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            "topic": "fundamentals",
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                "scale",
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                "key signature"
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            "excerpt": "The major scale is a fixed sequence of steps: whole, whole, half, whole, whole, whole, half. A whole step is two semitones and a half step is one. Start the pattern on any note and you have a major scale on that note. The pattern does not change, so the notes…",
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            "topic": "acoustics",
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            "excerpt": "Timbre is the quality that lets you tell a clarinet from a trumpet playing the same pitch at the same loudness. It depends on the spectrum: which partials are present, how strong each one is, and how those strengths change through the note’s attack, its…",
            "score": 28,
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            "snippet": "Timbre is the quality that lets you tell a clarinet from a trumpet playing the same pitch at the same loudness. It depends on the spectrum: which partials are present, how strong each one is, and how…"
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            "slug": "swing-timing",
            "title": "Swing Timing: What the Notation Does Not Say",
            "dek": "Jazz notation asks for swing and leaves the ratio to the players, because the timing is tempo-dependent and a fixed written value would be wrong at most speeds.",
            "topic": "rhythm",
            "topic_name": "Rhythm & Meter",
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            "excerpt": "A written instruction like swing or medium swing asks a player to change the placement of notes that are, on the page, perfectly even. That looks like an instruction with missing information, and it is one, deliberately. The missing information is the ratio…",
            "score": 6,
            "partial": true,
            "snippet": "A written instruction like swing or medium swing asks a player to change the placement of notes that are, on the page, perfectly even. That looks like an instruction with missing information, and it…"
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            "slug": "parallel-fifths-and-octaves",
            "title": "Parallel Fifths and Octaves: Why the Rule Exists",
            "dek": "Parallel fifths and octaves are voices that move together and keep a perfect interval. Here is why strict voice leading forbids them and where the rule bends.",
            "topic": "counterpoint",
            "topic_name": "Counterpoint",
            "tags": [
                "parallel fifths",
                "voice leading",
                "counterpoint"
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            "excerpt": "Parallel fifths and octaves occur when two voices move in the same direction and stay a perfect fifth or octave apart from one chord to the next. Strict voice leading forbids them because perfect intervals fuse: the two lines blur into one sound and lose…",
            "score": 4,
            "partial": true,
            "snippet": "Parallel fifths and octaves occur when two voices move in the same direction and stay a perfect fifth or octave apart from one chord to the next. Strict voice leading forbids them because perfect…"
        },
        {
            "slug": "ii-v-i-progression",
            "title": "The ii V I Progression in Major, Minor and Jazz Styles",
            "dek": "Why ii V I is the backbone of tonal music: voice leading, turnarounds, minor-key forms, and the jazz reharm toolkit.",
            "topic": "harmony",
            "topic_name": "Harmony",
            "tags": [
                "ii-V-I",
                "chord progression",
                "jazz harmony"
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            "date": "2026-10-04",
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            "excerpt": "One progression underlies more music than any other. The ii V I carries the full logic of tonal motion, predominant to dominant to tonic, in three chords, and it appears in Baroque arias, Mozart sonatas, wedding gigs, and bebop heads with equal comfort. #The…",
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            "snippet": "…e arias, Mozart sonatas, wedding gigs, and bebop heads with equal comfort. #The……"
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            "slug": "polyrhythm-and-cross-rhythm",
            "title": "Polyrhythm and Cross-Rhythm: Counting the Distinction",
            "dek": "Polyrhythm, cross-rhythm and polymeter are not interchangeable. Counting the ratios shows what separates a divided span from a pattern set against a metre.",
            "topic": "rhythm",
            "topic_name": "Rhythm & Meter",
            "tags": [
                "polyrhythm",
                "cross-rhythm",
                "meter"
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            "date": "2026-09-25",
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            "excerpt": "A percussionist and a conductor can look at the same bar and disagree about what to call it, because two terms get used as if they were synonyms. They are not. One describes a texture in which two parts divide the same span differently; the other describes a…",
            "score": 3,
            "partial": true,
            "snippet": "A percussionist and a conductor can look at the same bar and disagree about what to call it, because two terms get used as if they were synonyms. They are not. One describes a texture in which two…"
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            "slug": "tempo-markings-largo-to-presto",
            "title": "Tempo Markings Explained: Largo to Presto in Beats per Minute",
            "dek": "Italian tempo words run from slow to fast. Approximate beats-per-minute bands for each, the modifiers and transitions that change them, and why a metronome number needs a time signature.",
            "topic": "fundamentals",
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            "tags": [
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                "metronome",
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            "url": "https://musics.name/articles/tempo-markings-largo-to-presto/",
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            "excerpt": "Common tempo markings run from grave, the slowest, to presto, the fastest, and each term names a band of beats per minute rather than an exact speed. Grave covers roughly 25 to 45 beats per minute and presto roughly 168 to 200. Composers modify those bands…",
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            "snippet": "Common tempo markings run from grave, the slowest, to presto, the fastest, and each term names a band of beats per minute rather than an exact speed. Grave covers roughly 25 to 45 beats per minute…"
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        {
            "slug": "odd-meters-five-and-seven",
            "title": "Odd Meters in 5/4 and 7/8: Counting, Feeling, Writing",
            "dek": "Hear 5/4 and 7/8 as beat groups, not math: counting systems, conducting, repertoire from Brubeck to Balkan dance.",
            "topic": "rhythm",
            "topic_name": "Rhythm & Meter",
            "tags": [
                "odd meter",
                "time signatures",
                "counting"
            ],
            "level": "intermediate",
            "date": "2026-10-04",
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            "excerpt": "Five and seven feel impossible until they feel obvious. Odd meters are not broken fours with beats missing; they are their own groove systems built from unequal beat groups, and once the groups sit in the body the counting takes care of itself. #Five as 3+2…",
            "score": 2,
            "partial": true,
            "snippet": "…ats missing; they are their own groove systems built from unequal beat groups, and once the groups sit in the body the counting takes care of itself. #Five as 3+2……"
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            "slug": "ars-nova-and-renaissance-notation",
            "title": "From Ars Nova to the Renaissance: How Notation Changed Music",
            "dek": "Rhythm took two centuries longer than pitch to notate. Mensural notation solved it with ratios, and the Renaissance then replaced black ink with white.",
            "topic": "history",
            "topic_name": "Music History",
            "tags": [
                "notation",
                "mensural notation",
                "renaissance"
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            "date": "2026-09-25",
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            "excerpt": "A staff puts a note in pitch space, and position is cheap to draw. Duration is not a position but a relationship: a note is short only next to a longer one, and a page of polyphony has to state that relationship for every voice at once. European music had a…",
            "score": 2,
            "partial": true,
            "snippet": "A staff puts a note in pitch space, and position is cheap to draw. Duration is not a position but a relationship: a note is short only next to a longer one, and a page of polyphony has to state that…"
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        {
            "slug": "meter-and-hypermeter",
            "title": "Meter, Beat Hierarchy and Hypermeter in Performance",
            "dek": "Meter is a pattern of strong and weak positions, not a time signature: how it is built, how it stretches past the bar, and where performance contradicts it.",
            "topic": "rhythm",
            "topic_name": "Rhythm & Meter",
            "tags": [
                "meter",
                "hypermeter",
                "phrase structure"
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            "level": "intermediate",
            "date": "2026-09-25",
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            "excerpt": "Three words get used as if they meant the same thing in rehearsal: meter, time signature, beat. They are related and they are not the same, and the difference shows up exactly where the music becomes interesting, in syncopation, hemiola, and phrase endings…",
            "score": 2,
            "partial": true,
            "snippet": "Three words get used as if they meant the same thing in rehearsal: meter, time signature, beat. They are related and they are not the same, and the difference shows up exactly where the music becomes…"
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            "title": "Chord Extensions Explained: Ninths, Elevenths and Thirteenths",
            "dek": "Ninths, elevenths and thirteenths are chord tones stacked above the seventh. Which of them fit a chord depends on its quality, and some clash with the third.",
            "topic": "jazz",
            "topic_name": "Jazz & Popular Harmony",
            "tags": [
                "chord extensions",
                "jazz harmony",
                "ninth chords"
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            "level": "intermediate",
            "date": "2026-10-11",
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            "excerpt": "Extensions are the chord tones that continue the stack of thirds past the seventh. In C they are D (the ninth), F (the eleventh) and A (the thirteenth). The chord symbol names the highest extension, and the notes below it are implied: C13 includes the seventh…",
            "score": 1,
            "partial": true,
            "snippet": "Extensions are the chord tones that continue the stack of thirds past the seventh. In C they are D (the ninth), F (the eleventh) and A (the thirteenth). The chord symbol names the highest extension…"
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            "slug": "chord-symbols-explained",
            "title": "Chord Symbols Explained: Major, Minor, Seventh and Slash Chords",
            "dek": "A chord symbol names the root, the quality, the extra notes and the bass. Here is how to read Cmaj7, C7, Cm7, C/E and C7b9, and the notes each one contains.",
            "topic": "harmony",
            "topic_name": "Harmony",
            "tags": [
                "chord symbols",
                "lead sheet",
                "seventh chords"
            ],
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            "excerpt": "A chord symbol gives the root, the quality, any extra notes and, after a slash, the bass note. C is a C major triad (C, E, G). Cm is a C minor triad (C, Eb, G). C7 adds a minor seventh (Bb), and Cmaj7 adds a major seventh (B). Each symbol is a short…",
            "score": 1,
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            "snippet": "A chord symbol gives the root, the quality, any extra notes and, after a slash, the bass note. C is a C major triad (C, E, G). Cm is a C minor triad (C, Eb, G). C7 adds a minor seventh (Bb), and…"
        },
        {
            "slug": "common-chord-progressions",
            "title": "Common Chord Progressions: Loops, Numerals and Why They Work",
            "dek": "The chord loops that songwriters reuse most, in Roman numerals and in the keys of C and G, with the reasons they work and how to vary them.",
            "topic": "songwriting",
            "topic_name": "Songwriting & Composition",
            "tags": [
                "chord progression",
                "songwriting",
                "roman numerals"
            ],
            "level": "intro",
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            "excerpt": "A common chord progression is a short loop of chords, usually four, that repeats under a melody. Many of the most reused loops share three features. Their roots move by fourths and fifths at least some of the time, neighbouring chords share notes, and the…",
            "score": 1,
            "partial": true,
            "snippet": "A common chord progression is a short loop of chords, usually four, that repeats under a melody. Many of the most reused loops share three features. Their roots move by fourths and fifths at least…"
        },
        {
            "slug": "time-signatures-explained",
            "title": "Time Signatures Explained: Simple, Compound and Beyond",
            "dek": "A time signature gives beats per bar and the note value that counts as one beat. Simple meters split each beat in two, compound meters split it in three.",
            "topic": "rhythm",
            "topic_name": "Rhythm & Meter",
            "tags": [
                "time signature",
                "meter",
                "beat"
            ],
            "level": "intro",
            "date": "2026-10-11",
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            "excerpt": "A time signature has two numbers. The top number is the count of beats in each bar, and the bottom number names the note value that counts as one unit. In 3/4 a bar holds three quarter-note beats. In 6/8 it holds six eighth-note units, which listeners usually…",
            "score": 1,
            "partial": true,
            "snippet": "A time signature has two numbers. The top number is the count of beats in each bar, and the bottom number names the note value that counts as one unit. In 3/4 a bar holds three quarter-note beats. In…"
        }
    ],
    "ranking": "Direct answers first (chord symbols, scale and key names are parsed). Then tools, keys, scales, chords, intervals, glossary and topics by title match; articles rank by title (12) > tags (6) > dek (5) > topic (3) > body frequency (max 6), +25 when every query token matches.",
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}