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            "title": "From Ars Nova to the Renaissance: How Notation Changed Music",
            "dek": "Rhythm took two centuries longer than pitch to notate. Mensural notation solved it with ratios, and the Renaissance then replaced black ink with white.",
            "topic": "history",
            "topic_name": "Music History",
            "tags": [
                "notation",
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            "excerpt": "A staff puts a note in pitch space, and position is cheap to draw. Duration is not a position but a relationship: a note is short only next to a longer one, and a page of polyphony has to state that relationship for every voice at once. European music had a…"
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            "title": "After Tonality: What Composers Replaced It With",
            "dek": "When chromatic harmony outgrew the tonal hierarchy, composers tried serial rules, rhythm, folk modes, and sound mass. What each method actually solved.",
            "topic": "history",
            "topic_name": "Music History",
            "tags": [
                "atonality",
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            "excerpt": "The tonal system was not abandoned because composers got bored of it. It was abandoned, in a handful of works written between roughly 1908 and 1923, because the chromatic language that had been built on top of it could no longer be explained by it. What…"
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            "title": "The Rise of Functional Tonality: From Modes to Keys",
            "dek": "Around 1600 the bass became the foundation of harmony and the modal system narrowed to two keys. What changed in the documents, and what the change cost.",
            "topic": "history",
            "topic_name": "Music History",
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            "excerpt": "A motet by Palestrina and a trio sonata by Corelli are separated by about a century, and the difference between them is not a matter of ornament. In the motet, harmony is what happens while four or five independent lines are doing something else. In the…"
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            "title": "Romantic Chromaticism and the Expanding Tonic",
            "dek": "Chromatic harmony widened a key without leaving it: the resources that do the work, the Tristan chord, and how to analyse it without over-labelling.",
            "topic": "history",
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            "excerpt": "Nineteenth-century harmony is usually described as chromatic, and the word hides the important part. A chromatic passage is not a passage that has left its key. It is a passage that has widened the key until it includes notes and chords the older vocabulary…"
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